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The number of cases of skin cancer is increasing annually in the United States. According to the American Cancer Society, exposure to ultraviolet (UV) is believed to be the major cause. That’s why, it is important to protect the skin from excessive sun exposure. It is also important to check the skin regularly for signs of cancer of the skin. If detected early, skin cancer can be treated successfully. Types of skin cancer although cancer of the skin can develop in any part of the body, is commonly found in areas that are exposed to the sun often. The National Cancer Institute  indicates that three types of skin cancer:

• Basal cell cancer, the most common cancer, which is often relatively slow growing. Start in the lowest layer of the epidermis which is known as the basal cell layer. At first it may appear like a ball of wax or a flat lesion.
• Squamish cell cancer is also growing slowly but can metastasize or spreading to other parts of the body. It begins in the middle section of the epidermis. This kind of cancer also can start as a pearly ball or flat lesion. It can also be embedded.
• Malignant melanoma is the most dangerous kind. It originates in the melanocytes or pigment in skin cells. Start with a pearly or dark ball or a small lesion with irregular edges. Approximately one third of cases begins with spots or moles that change appearance or suddenly start to bleed.

• Actinic kurtosis this is hard, red or dark patches on the skin, known as a precancerous condition because sometimes turns into cancer. Like skin cancer, usually appears on sun-exposed areas but can also be found elsewhere.The National Institutes of Health (NIH acronym in English) indicate that AK’s can begin as red spots, small and flat and then grow and become thick, like a callus. Most AK’s are formed in the face or back of hands, but can appear elsewhere.

In examining changes in your skin or growths, the American Academy of Dermatology suggests that ABCD warning signs are:

• Asymmetry – half the growth that does not match the other half.
• Borders – Irregularity linearly corners are cut, blunt or blurred.
• Color – pigmentation is fused or not uniform.
• Diameter – is wider than six millimeters (about the measure of a pencil eraser).
• Evolution – any changes in spots or moles, like bleeding, swelling, or redness

In general, any unusual change in the skin, especially a new growth or sore that does not heal can be a warning sign of skin cancer and should be checked in time by a physician. Any mole growth should be of concern as well. When detected early, the chances for successful treatment is higher. Who’s at Risk? Since sun exposure is commonly linked to skin cancer, people with a history of frequent sun exposure, like sunburn are at greater risk of disease. The NCI suggests that people with fair skin especially if you have blond or red hair and blue eyes are more at risk as people with family history of skin cancer. Since the effects of sun exposure in addition, the National Institute on Aging suggests that our risk of developing skin cancer also increases with age. People with many moles may have a high risk of developing skin cancer. Anyone in the high risk group should take extra precautions against skin cancer and talk to your doctor about regular screenings. Prevention The American College of Preventive Medicine (APCM acronym in English) indicates that the key to help prevent skin cancer is not excessively exposed to sunlight, especially during the hours that burns more of the sun between 10 AM and 3 PM. If you must be outdoors, wear hats and protective clothing and ask your pharmacist to recommend a sun block waterproof with an SPF of at least 15. Some people are allergic to some ingredients in sun block so ask your doctor or specialist who can recommend if this could be a problem for you or your family.

Children need sunscreen equally. According to ACPM, approximately 80 percent of a person’s sun exposure occurs before age 21. Sunscreens are usually recommended for children over six years. Ask your doctor for specific advice on preventive measures to better help your baby or toddler.